In what could be a significant shock that may potentially change the lives of millions in the coming years, Artificial Intelligence could have a major impact on economies across the world. Anthropic’s economics team has released a new model exploring how AI could affect the US economy by 2030.
Anthropic’s model presents three scenarios: modest, substantial, and extreme. Interestingly, the economy grows in all three scenarios. The major difference is how much knowledge work AI takes over and how the resulting economic gains are distributed across society.
The most striking numbers come from Anthropic’s extreme scenario. Unemployment could reach 11.9%, while unemployment among knowledge workers could rise to 17.9%. Knowledge-worker employment could fall by 21.5%, with their wages declining by 11.5% under the extreme scenario. This is certainly very scary. And that is not all.
At the same time, the US economy could become dramatically larger, with GDP increasing by 32.4%. Labour’s share of national income could also fall from around 60% to 45.2%. In simple terms, the extreme scenario points to a future where AI creates huge economic gains, but workers may not automatically share those gains.
Anthropic also presents a much less disruptive “modest” scenario. In that case, unemployment rises to 3.9%, knowledge-worker wages increase slightly by 0.4%, and GDP grows by 1.6%. Still, the extreme scenario highlights one of the biggest questions around AI: what happens if technology makes the economy significantly richer while reducing the demand for human workers?
Anthropic stresses that this is a model, not a prediction. Like any economic model, it simplifies a much more complicated reality. Anthropic is also inviting people to explore the scenarios and compare their own expectations with the responses of more than 10,000 Americans.
This post was last modified on 10 September 2026 8:12 am